Security studies include security threats ranging from pandemics, environmental degradation and transnational criminal organisations to more traditional security concerns such as weapons of mass destruction and interstate conflict. Traditionally, the state has been the primary entity to be secured, what is known as referent object in security matters and it has sought security through military might.
Therefore stressing international and national security, most of the early scholars of security define it as preventing nationsstates from threat attacks and external aggression. When the Botswana Defence Force was formed in 1977, the core aim of its formation was to protect the country from external aggression as the Southern African region was engulfed in political bushfires (aggressive apartheid state of South Africa, Liberation war against a minority white governments in Zimbabwe and Namibia, civil wars in Mozambique and Angola). The threats that Botswana faced at that time were of traditional nature of security as it was evidenced by numerous raids in her territory by South African and Rhodesian forces.
