The Kalanga's history of dispossession

Before the Ndebele, European explorers, hunters and concessionaires arrived, between 1837 and 1840, the Kalanga had already populated the North East, relates Manatsha. He says history has it that his people had been trading with the Portuguese at Delagoa Bay in Mozambique 1,500 years before any other settlers came.

The Kalanga were settled in Mapoka, Mosojane, Masukwane and surrounding areas. Manatsha says the southern parts were occupied by the BaKhurutshe who arrived a century later from modern day South Africa.