The evolution of science and technology parks

STPs are generally seen as strategic economic drivers. STP success factors noted elsewhere include; country or region development of a fully synegised national system of innovation over time, utilising its core strength and national resources as an added advantage to outcompete others.  The success of innovation ecosystems such as Silicon Valley in the USA were to a larger extent due to the then new sectors of electronics and chips or microprocessors development while  utilising the skills generated from the key local academic research institutes which federal government research grants support.

Over the past few decades, there have been many attempts to replicate such models in other parts of the world with little success due to the different ecosystems where these attempts were made. International bodies such as the International Association of Science Parks (IASP) were established to among other things develop a standard STP framework.