The African revolution fails the second turn

The 'two stage' revolution has been one of the problem areas for both the theory and the practice of the anti-colonial struggles of the 20th Century.

In the latter half of the century African intellectuals and revolutionaries discussed the subject within the context of the circumstances of struggle that they found in their own countries. Kenneth Koma wrote 'The second phase of the African revolution' suggesting of course that there had been a 'first stage', the struggle for national liberation.  Presumably, once the 'motherland' was freed from colonial rule and the physical presence of the administration of the British French, Germans or Portuguese, the Africans would then be confronted with the social differentiation in their own ranks, considerations of class gaining the upper hand as the dominant 'contradiction' over all 'nationalist' sentiment.