Over the past few decades, the International Monetary Fund became associated with excessive fiscal austerity, extreme political insensitivity, and - since the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 - with an out-and-out stigma. Countries borrowed from the IMF only under duress, when all else failed - and when there was simply no other way to pay for essential imports. (For Iceland in the fall of 2008, for example, the only alternative to IMF financing was to eat locally obtained goods, which mostly means fish.)
But the IMF has changed a great deal in recent years, largely under the auspices of Dominique Strauss-Kahn, its current managing director. Strauss-Kahn, a former French finance minister and contender for the Socialist nomination for the French presidency, has pushed through changes that allow the IMF to lend without conditions in some circumstances, and to give greater priority to protecting social safety nets (including unemployment benefits and healthcare systems). He has also moved the Fund decisively away from its obsession with fiscal austerity measures (a big early mistake - with lasting traumatic consequences - in Indonesia and Korea in late 1997).
