Bullying amongst children (Part 1)
Mmaotho Segotso | Friday June 5, 2020 12:25
The behaviour is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems.
Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behaviour characterised by the following three minimum criteria:
- hostile intent,
- imbalance of power
- repetition over a period of time
Robert W. Fuller says, “Bullying ranges from one-on-one, individual bullying through to group bullying, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more ‘lieutenants’ who are willing to assist the primary bully in their bullying activities. Bullying in school is also referred to as ‘peer abuse’.”
Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is ‘exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons’ and that negative actions occur ‘when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways’. Individual bullying is usually characterised by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person.
Facts About Bullying
Both girls and boys can be bullies.
Bullies target children who cry, get mad, or easily give in to them.
There are 3 types of bullying amongst children
Physical—hitting, kicking, pushing, choking, punching
Verbal—threatening, taunting, teasing, hate speech
Social—excluding victims from activities or starting rumours about them
Bullying Happens:
At school—at lunch, in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses, while waiting for buses, in classes that require group work and/or after school activities when teachers are not there.
When adults are not watching—going to and from school, on the playground, or in the neighbourhood.
Through e-mail or instant messaging—rumours are spread or nasty notes are sent.
Bullying is Different from Fighting or Teasing:
A bully has power over another child.
Bullies try to control other children by scaring them.
Being picked on over and over can make your child a victim.
Bullying usually happens when other children are watching.
Bullies might make fun of others for many things, including:
- Appearance (how someone looks)
- Behaviour (how someone acts)
- Race or religion
- Disabilities
- Social status (whether someone is popular or comes from a poor family)
- Sexual identity (like being gay, lesbian, or transgender)
Talk To Your Child:
Even if you don’t think your child is bullied, is a bully, or a bystander, you will be helping to protect your child just by asking these questions:
“How are things going at school?”
“What do you think of the other kids in your class?”
“Does anyone get picked on or bullied?”
When your child is bullied, talk to your child about how to stay safe. Bullies always pick on smaller or weaker children. If there is a fight, and the bully “wins,” this will only make matters worse for your child.
Help your child learn how to respond
“Let’s talk about what you can do and say if this happens again.”
Teach your child how to:
Look the bully in the eye.
Stand tall and stay calm in a difficult situation. Walk away.
Teach your child how to say in a firm voice:
“I don’t like what you are doing.”
“Please do NOT talk to me like that.”
“Why would you say that?”
Just telling your child to do and say these things is not enough. For many children, these skills do not come naturally. It is like learning a new language—lots of practice is needed. Practice so that, in the heat of the moment, these skills will come to your child naturally.
Teach your child when and how to ask for help. Your child should not be afraid to ask an adult for help when bullying happens. Since some children are embarrassed about being bullied, parents need to let their children know that being bullied is not their fault.
Encourage your child to make friends with other children. There are many adult-supervised groups, in and out of school, that your child can join. Invite your child’s friends over to your home. Children who are loners are more likely to get picked on.
Support activities that interest your child. By participating in activities such as team sports, music groups, or social clubs, your child will develop new abilities and social skills. When children feel good about how they relate to others, they are less likely to be picked on.
Alert school officials to the problems and work with them on solutions.
Since bullying often occurs outside the classroom, talk to the School Management, guidance counsellor, as well as your child’s teachers. When school officials know about bullying, they can help stop it.
Write down and report all bullying to your child’s school. By knowing when and where the bullying occurs, you and your child can better plan what to do if it happens again.
Some children who are bullied will fear going to school, have difficulty paying attention at school, or develop symptoms like headaches or stomach pains.
When Your Child is the Bully
If you know that your child is bullying others, take it very seriously. Only you can change your child’s behaviour. In the long run, bullies continue to have problems. These problems often get worse. If the bullying behaviour is allowed to continue, then when these children become adults, they are much less successful in their work and family lives and may even get in trouble with the law.
Set firm and consistent limits on your child’s aggressive behaviour. Be sure your child knows that bullying is never OK.
Be a positive role model. Children need to develop new and constructive strategies for getting what they want.
Show children that they can get what they want without teasing, threatening, or hurting someone. All children can learn to treat others with respect.
Use effective, nonphysical discipline, such as loss of privileges. When your child needs discipline, explain why the behaviour was wrong and how your child can change it.
Help your child understand how bullying hurts other children. Give real examples of the good and bad results of your child’s actions.
Develop practical solutions with others. Together with the school principal, teachers, counsellors, and parents of the children your child has bullied, find positive ways to stop the bullying.
How does bullying manifest?
Cursing or yelling at victims
Forcing victims to do assignments for them
Forcing victims to steal at home, from other learners, teachers and even shop lifting
Taking victims things like phones, pens, calculators and even school bags
Forcing victims to quit sports and clubs
Forcing victims to fail
Compelling victims to eat disgusting things
Beating, whipping, branding, tying up, or gagging victim
Requiring victims to perform sexual acts
Forced binge drinking or drug use
Paying bullies
Forcing victims to disrespect teachers
What bullying is not
Single episodes of social rejection or dislike
Single episode acts of nastiness or spite
Random acts of aggression or intimidation mutual argument, disagreements or fights.
These actions can cause great distress. However, they do not fit the definition of bullying and they’re not examples of bullying unless someone is deliberately and repeatedly doing them.